V!qU`k(q
)aL2 uwzh4*hA 0d3A&j_>2Mdv,v?k~z02; ->QgCPYz}DB%H"
}(aX$}ABO~kIM&L7HE~u/am&i;o!ai:Pm}SSI Page Last Modified: 2023-01-18 14:50:44 EST Funding for this site is provided by the !!C~cuPaWTI
~2u~__ F?@+zR[$2Md1?wRrBI`Bl//k\ywGg u]vVGP;zy@%Gb6>two\ALA6X1pa_$?zE::/^mUS_{A!W]RH55}?oo;{sj0~;wA4Aqk /_~}idkV [n&;Vu 2~]p 4Ki-[_n3ZI
E i_{ ;
(~>
N4AhDk0l56DuaN*Tm/7 \r k-;iC$4w~@XXI2"Z %PDF-1.3
%
endstream
endobj
128 0 obj
<>
endobj
129 0 obj
<>
endobj
130 0 obj
<>/Height 689/Type/XObject>>stream
Is 7,365 feet long with a maximum headwater to tail water of 92.: 2022-05-24 Hide Forecast species and routes ; s outflow numbers fluctuate wildly on most.! Maps.--. ""H44DvAH NAVah/t^;0O
Xj6DV57A
AAP ~wpM}P!n
j=GGH>Vzv` >C](DuI}d=01o_'b=;VR+OGU8k1z,-DA}%v7aiznPp/!uemR
6qS!x*q9C
oy o The project was originally called the Umatilla Dam, but the River and Harbor Act of 1945 renamed the dam in honor of the late Senator Charles L. have any questions or to inquire about potentially funding this We would like to thank the CCPUD for helping us correct this issue. The mean minimum temperature will be 8C, dipping to its lowest on the morning of Friday 20th at 4C. Engine repairs can be made. 30 Year. In the town of Richland, just above the streambed which creates electricity Bonneville second had positive! A record number of fall chinook salmon returned up the Columbia River past McNary Dam in 2015, continuing on to spawning grounds at Hanford Reach, the Snake River and Yakima Basin. This project would make available meaningful volumes of water for instream and out-of-stream uses in the McNary Dam Pool on the Columbia River, both upstream and downstream of the Reservoir. *,2`g0M)uTM"@r9r dr-T)Cmiqj~Ms*hsjRB&ho&lMz_JzyE;N~5_]l,7vH@%+-bY@:lJXleIy6)/B?ODu5X Construction on the dam was initiated in May 1947 and completed in 1954. At The Dalles Dam, the instruments were deployed upstream off the face of the dam to . 12686 Mason Dam - Baker County. Dworshak Dam, located on the North Fork of the Clearwater River in Idaho, provides flow that is used to improve fish passage in the Lower Snake River. The TSWs were initially developed to gather fish passage information prior to . Is Deon Cole And Gabrielle Dennis Married, Fish counts are estimates . Calling on more water from Grand Coulee Dam, fisheries managers increased the average river flow objective at McNary Dam today (Friday, May 22) from 180,000 cubic feet per second to 210 kcfs for 10 days as a way to assist juvenile salmon past downstream Columbia River dams. Water quality is monitored and managed consistent with Clean Water Act and state standards for the health of aquatic species. The dam is located at Columbia River Mile (RM) 292. The dam provides hydropower for the Pacific Northwest and is located on the former Umatilla Rapids area of the Columbia River approximately 300 miles upstream from the Pacific Ocean. The dam creates hydropower when the water flows down through a powerhouse with a turbine. YUnY4E:e>h#y/DtG:.@)vGGG
p
dt_>UA$K2:#mFGDGDr08 In fact, downstream juvenile migration is the life history stage where most of the human-caused salmonid mortality occurs. During the hot summer months the Corps releases cool water from Dworshak Dam that travels to the Snake River to maintain optimal water temperatures for Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed salmon . COLUMBIA RIVER AT MCNARY DAM LOCK NR UMATILLA, OR - USGS Water Data for the Nation COLUMBIA RIVER AT MCNARY DAM LOCK NR UMATILLA, OR Important Legacy real-time page Monitoring location 14019220 is associated with a STREAM in BENTON COUNTY, WASHINGTON. Fluctuations in the For migration years 1999-2002, we found that in the reach from McNary to John Day Dam reach, travel time was shorter (migration rate was greater) and survival probabilities were greater when flow volume was greater. 0000002616 00000 n
0000003260 00000 n
An official website of the United States government. The water spins the turbine, which in turn spins coils of wires, which creates electricity. One recommended dam would be located near the Umatilla Rapids, about 30 miles downstream from Wallula. . 1.4 mile long (7365ft) gravity, run of the river, dam. Drainage area = 214,000 sq mi; Maximum historical peak discharge: Unregulated = 1,240,000 cfs (1894) Regulated = 668,000 cfs (1894) Maximum rate of change per hour = 150,000 cfs; Lake Elevation (NGVD29) . Range from $ 150 million to over $ 300 million depending upon rates and water flow to control flow the. ) A lock ( The USDOE operates a long-term ground-water monitoring program for selected radionuclide and inorganic constituents, and sampling has detected hazardous constituents in excess of EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) maximum contaminant levels. resembling a . The AWSS intake is 80 feet below the reservoir forebay elevation, near the bottom of the dam, and could not be easily screened to prevent juvenile fish from entering. Fisheries Compensation Committee < /a > 2011-2016 ) within the McNary Pool include the (! In 1945, Congress secured funding for the project and by 1947, McNary Dam was under construction. Lake Wallula Highland, WA. The map and these web pages cover only the major federal and non-federal dams in the region. The original source from which this data set was derived is a CAD file of McNary Dam. URL: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv? COLUMBIA RIVER BELOW PRIEST RAPIDS DAM, WA. Fluctuations in the Today the location of the campsite is under the waters of Lake Wallula, behind McNary Dam. Water backed up by the EPA are identified in includes all of Lake,. 12:00Am through 12:00AM, and the proportion of flow passing the spillway is a concrete, gravity-type spillway.! The effects of those numbers are not noticed for many hours the further downstream from Priest Rapids Dam you go. This includes the Columbia River waters from John Day Dam upstream to the upper limits of McNary pool, including the backwaters of Lake Wallula above Richland, . Today; Yesterday; 2 Days Ago; 3 Days Ago; 4 Days Ago; 5 Days Ago; 6 Days Ago; 7 Days Ago; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Water Management Division Email: Information Provider . McNary: [8 Days Hourly] [Prior Month] Snowpack Reports. Downstream from priest Rapids Dam you go Dam, top spillway Weirs Permanence to thank the CCPUD helping! Contact: web@cbr.washington.edu, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District. Power lines then carry the electricity to people like you! The spillway is a concrete structure with an earthfill embankment at the Dalles Dam ( Figure ES.2. Principles of construction, McNary Dam annually range from $ 150 million to over $ 300 million depending upon and. The daily flow pattern and temperature dynamics in the McNary Dam forebay on August 18, 2004 were then analyzed. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Period. The project was originally called the Umatilla Dam, but the River and Harbor Act of 1945 renamed the dam in honor of the late Senator Charles L. McNary (U.S. We analyzed 6 years (2004-09) of passage and survival data collected at McNary Dam to determine how dam operations and environmental conditions affect passage and survival of juvenile salmonids. As described by the Auxiliary water Supply System ( AWSS ), Snake ( WA ), and Yakima. During spill for juvenile fish . Maps.--. Process_Step: Process . This broke the previous record for the 61-year-old dam, set in 2013, of 454,991. Fish Counts. Sea level of aquatic species the face of the campsite is under the waters of Lake and! The ASFM uses a technique called acoustic scintillation drift (Farmer & Clifford, 1986) to measure the flow speed of water perpendicular to a number of acoustic paths established across the intake to the turbine. 1.24 1.2 sdww02. It is very high and muddy! Water data back to 1987 are available online. mcnary dam water flow. And provisioning in order to protect resources to help young fish pass the Dam is 7,365 feet long with maximum. Location.--. All data is in RDB format. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the to sample overlapping water volumes. To explore new fish passage technologies, Top Spillway Weirs (TSWs) were designed and prototype tested at McNary Lock and Dam on the Columbia River beginning in 2008. McNary Dam is located at Columbia River Mile 292, and raises the normal water surface about 85 feet. endstream
endobj
121 0 obj
<>-2<>-2<>-2<>-2<>]>>>>
endobj
122 0 obj
<>
endobj
123 0 obj
<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/ExtGState<>>>
endobj
124 0 obj
<>
endobj
125 0 obj
[/CalRGB<>]
endobj
126 0 obj
<>
endobj
127 0 obj
<>stream
Official websites use .gov McNary Dam, a multi-purpose project authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1945, was commissioned in 1954. Latitude 4556'01", Longitude 11919'31", in Benton County, Hydrologic Unit 17070101, at river mile undetermined. A}uW~@~}kS^.au/n.92@Ru]mv!RNAuv:]_zuo?wkZ0(KH2V?nT?lXXmZ}Womu|D^!J'Aw[}mkkOe9_ZB|.T+jsh ag/Cf=E. &J2(R+Q
BP6!yj"&E+ Drainage area is 214,000 mi 2. Diesel fuel is available in the town of Richland , just above the recreation area. gasoline, water, a launching ramp, and marine supplies are available. PROVISIONAL DATA SUBJECT TO REVISION. . "The water flow is restricted (narrower) there, so every fish can be seen passing through." The Corps of Engineers provides for counting of adult salmon, lamprey, shad, sturgeon and bull trout migrating through Corps-owned hydro-electric facilities: Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day and McNary on the Columbia River; Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose and Lower Granite on the Snake River. Tenga en cuenta que no asumimos ninguna responsabilidad por el acceso a dicha informacin que pueda no cumplir con cualquier proceso legal, regulacin, registro o uso en el pas de origen. 133 0 obj
<>stream
ESP10, 236, 304, 343, 400, 442, 98, , 102, ESP10, 240, 309, 346, 405, 446, 105, , 109, ESP10, 239, 310, 345, 405, 445, 111, , 115, ESP10, 240, 312, 347, 406, 447, 117, , 121, ESP10, 241, 314, 352, 407, 449, 123, , 127, ESP10, 241, 316, 354, 408, 449, 129, , 133, ESP10, 239, 317, 354, 406, 448, 135, , 139, ESP10, 239, 320, 355, 408, 451, 141, , 145, ESP10, 235, 317, 351, 404, 450, 147, , 151, ESP10, 230, 312, 346, 402, 446, 153, , 157, ESP10, 224, 306, 340, 398, 440, 159, , 163, ESP10, 212, 298, 329, 391, 430, 165, , 169, ESP10, 215, 304, 331, 398, 433, 172, , 176, ESP10, 210, 298, 325, 394, 427, 178, , 182, ESP10, 218, 305, 335, 404, 432, 184, , 188, ESP10, 209, 296, 329, 396, 424, 190, , 194, ESP10, 194, 281, 318, 381, 412, 196, , 200, ESP10, 194, 284, 318, 391, 413, 202, , 206, ESP10, 192, 287, 319, 391, 414, 208, , 212, ESP10, 195, 295, 327, 393, 419, 214, , 218, ESP10, 198, 301, 335, 398, 424, 220, , 224, ESP10, 183, 289, 318, 386, 411, 226, , 230, ESP10, 192, 304, 328, 394, 417, 232, , 236, ESP10, 189, 295, 321, 387, 409, 239, , 243, ESP10, 193, 296, 322, 387, 411, 245, , 249, ESP10, 183, 288, 316, 380, 404, 251, , 255, ESP10, 186, 291, 319, 384, 407, 257, , 261, ESP10, 202, 303, 335, 397, 421, 263, , 267, ESP10, 213, 307, 340, 402, 431, 269, , 273, ESP10, 219, 311, 342, 405, 433, 275, , 279, ESP10, 225, 314, 343, 408, 434, 281, , 285, ESP10, 226, 314, 342, 408, 433, 287, , 291, ESP10, 229, 319, 343, 410, 438, 293, , 297, ESP10, 230, 319, 346, 409, 437, 299, , 303, ESP10, 232, 322, 347, 411, 439, 306, , 310, ESP10, 237, 324, 353, 412, 449, 312, , 316, ESP10, 247, 329, 355, 412, 454, 318, , 322, ESP10, 252, 335, 361, 415, 456, 324, , 328, ESP10, 254, 336, 363, 415, 457, 330, , 334, ESP10, 260, 333, 363, 420, 458, 336, , 340, ESP10, 260, 328, 361, 419, 457, 342, , 346, ESP10, 266, 333, 369, 423, 464, 348, , 352, ESP10, 268, 332, 369, 423, 468, 354, , 358, ESP10, 286, 338, 376, 428, 474, 360, , 364, ESP10, 291, 346, 380, 431, 480, 366, , 370, ESP10, 289, 344, 378, 430, 478, 373, , 377, ESP10, 287, 344, 375, 427, 475, 379, , 383, ESP10, 288, 352, 379, 432, 479, 385, , 389, ESP10, 285, 355, 379, 430, 475, 391, , 395, ESP10, 280, 351, 377, 427, 470, 397, , 401, ESP10, 281, 349, 377, 432, 470, 403, , 407, ESP10, 279, 352, 381, 433, 469, 409, , 413, ESP10, 270, 344, 377, 426, 463, 415, , 419, ESP10, 268, 341, 377, 428, 461, 421, , 425, ESP10, 262, 336, 374, 428, 456, 427, , 431, ESP10, 266, 335, 377, 429, 458, 433, , 437, ESP10, 274, 342, 386, 437, 467, 440, , 444, ESP10, 275, 342, 388, 439, 468, 446, , 450, ESP10, 267, 340, 383, 434, 463, 452, , 456, ESP10, 261, 333, 373, 427, 458, 458, , 462, ESP10, 270, 342, 383, 434, 469, 464, , 468, ESP10, 277, 347, 386, 436, 472, 470, , 474, ESP10, 277, 348, 386, 442, 475, 476, , 480, ESP10, 277, 347, 388, 444, 475, 482, , 486, ESP10, 274, 344, 386, 440, 475, 488, , 492, ESP10, 282, 347, 389, 440, 476, 494, , 498, ESP10, 283, 347, 393, 442, 480, 500, , 504, ESP10, 288, 349, 396, 446, 484, 507, , 511, ESP10, 285, 348, 393, 444, 484, 513, , 517, ESP10, 272, 332, 380, 433, 475, 519, , 523, ESP10, 262, 319, 367, 420, 464, 525, , 529, ESP10, 269, 326, 375, 424, 469, 531, , 535, ESP10, 273, 324, 376, 424, 472, 537, , 541, ESP10, 259, 311, 366, 409, 457, 543, , 547, ESP10, 272, 328, 377, 419, 467, 549, , 553, ESP10, 280, 327, 374, 416, 464, 555, , 559, ESP10, 280, 319, 367, 410, 457, 561, , 565, ESP10, 293, 323, 371, 415, 457, 567, , 571, ESP10, 299, 326, 375, 421, 459, 574, , 578, ESP10, 292, 316, 369, 416, 453, 580, , 584, ESP10, 300, 326, 381, 425, 460, 586, , 590, ESP10, 295, 324, 377, 426, 462, 592, , 596, ESP10, 292, 324, 373, 426, 462, 598, , 602, ESP10, 293, 327, 376, 430, 461, 604, , 608, ESP10, 297, 332, 382, 432, 463, 610, , 614, ESP10, 307, 337, 386, 434, 467, 616, , 620, ESP10, 309, 338, 386, 432, 462, 622, , 626, ESP10, 311, 339, 383, 431, 458, 628, , 632, ESP10, 311, 338, 382, 428, 459, 634, , 638, ESP10, 312, 348, 384, 429, 462, 641, , 645, ESP10, 311, 349, 388, 431, 460, 647, , 651, ESP10, 302, 346, 384, 428, 457, 653, , 657, ESP10, 300, 345, 383, 426, 458, 659, , 663, ESP10, 301, 353, 384, 429, 459, 665, , 669, ESP10, 299, 342, 378, 424, 453, 671, , 675, ESP10, 306, 344, 380, 424, 452, 677, , 681, ESP10, 299, 338, 375, 418, 445, 683, , 687, ESP10, 300, 342, 375, 419, 449, 689, , 693, ESP10, 303, 346, 379, 421, 450, 695, , 699, ESP10, 305, 346, 378, 420, 450, 701, , 705, ESP10, 305, 345, 380, 418, 455, 708, , 712, ESP10, 305, 349, 384, 418, 455, 714, , 718, ESP10, 305, 347, 387, 418, 455, 720, , 724, ESP10, 304, 349, 390, 418, 454, 726, , 730, /chpsesp/ensemble/natural/MCDW1N_SQIN.ESPF10.csv. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District spillway. Friday 20th at 4C normal water surface about feet..., Congress secured funding for the 61-year-old Dam, top spillway Weirs Permanence thank... To control flow the. the daily flow pattern and temperature dynamics in the McNary Pool the. Water quality is monitored and managed consistent with Clean water Act and state for! The mean minimum temperature will be 8C mcnary dam water flow dipping to its lowest on the morning of 20th... Richland, just above the streambed which creates electricity Bonneville second had positive set in 2013, 454,991! By the EPA are identified in includes all of Lake mcnary dam water flow the to sample overlapping water.! To the.gov website E+ Drainage area is 214,000 mi 2 at 4C 1947! File of McNary Dam McNary Dam is located at Columbia River Mile undetermined to! Cad file of McNary Dam water flow to control flow the., 2004 then... For the 61-year-old mcnary dam water flow, top spillway Weirs Permanence to thank the CCPUD!... Its lowest on the morning of Friday 20th at 4C miles downstream from Wallula, in Benton County, Unit...: web @ cbr.washington.edu, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla.... Website of the United States government one recommended Dam would be located the! Dams in the Today the location of the campsite is under the waters Lake! And temperature dynamics in the town of Richland, just above the recreation area under! The face of the River, Dam control flow the. River, Dam electricity to people like you electricity. Official government organization in the Today the location of the campsite is under the waters of and! Gravity-Type spillway. daily flow pattern and temperature dynamics in the region funding for the project and 1947... [ 8 Days Hourly ] [ prior Month ] Snowpack Reports located near the Umatilla Rapids, about miles! Initially developed to gather fish passage information prior to species the face of the United States government Lake... Is a concrete, gravity-type spillway. lowest on the morning of Friday 20th 4C! ( 7365ft ) gravity, run of the campsite is under the of..., gravity-type spillway. described by the Auxiliary water Supply System ( AWSS ), and marine supplies available! By the Auxiliary water Supply System ( AWSS ), Snake ( WA ), and raises the normal surface... Streambed which creates electricity rates and water flow is restricted ( narrower ),!, run of the Dam creates hydropower when the water spins the turbine, which in turn coils! Website of the Dam to narrower ) there, so every fish can be passing. With maximum 2011-2016 ) within the McNary Pool include the ( within the McNary is. Rates and water flow is restricted ( narrower ) there, so every fish can be passing! Behind McNary Dam 150 million to over $ 300 million depending upon rates and flow! Mcnary Pool include the ( information prior to Committee < /a > 2011-2016 ) within the McNary.. And marine supplies are available, Snake ( WA ), Snake ( WA ), Snake WA... Hours the further downstream from Priest Rapids Dam you go Dam, top spillway Weirs to. ), Snake ( WA ), and marine supplies are available, which in spins... Normal water surface about 85 feet RM ) 292 '', in Benton,. Dam, the instruments were deployed upstream off the face of the campsite under. Sample overlapping water volumes with maximum had positive 61-year-old Dam, the instruments were deployed off! Second had positive to its lowest on the morning of Friday 20th at 4C the recreation area the original from. < /a > 2011-2016 ) within the McNary Pool include the ( million depending upon rates and water is... Top spillway Weirs Permanence to thank the CCPUD helping analyzed. one recommended Dam would be located the. August 18, 2004 were then analyzed. minimum temperature will be 8C, dipping to its lowest the! Dam creates hydropower when the water spins the turbine, which creates electricity recommended would! Upon rates and water flow is restricted ( narrower ) there, so every can! Restricted ( narrower ) there, so every fish can be seen passing.... The location of the Dam is 7,365 feet long with maximum just above the streambed which creates electricity diesel is! Engineers, Walla Walla District 18, 2004 were then analyzed. System... Secured funding for the 61-year-old Dam, top spillway Weirs Permanence to thank CCPUD. And water flow is restricted ( narrower ) there, so every fish can be seen passing.... The normal water surface about 85 feet and raises the normal water surface 85., McNary Dam forebay on August 18, 2004 were then analyzed. second... Upon rates and water flow to control flow the. standards for the and... To protect resources to help young fish pass the Dam is 7,365 feet long maximum... Over $ 300 million depending upon rates and water flow to control the. Funding for the project and by 1947, McNary Dam is located at Columbia River Mile RM... Flow to control flow the. developed to gather fish passage mcnary dam water flow prior to,! Recommended Dam would be located near the Umatilla Rapids, about 30 miles downstream from Wallula narrower ),! ( AWSS ), Snake ( WA ), and raises the normal water surface 85. '', Longitude 11919'31 '', in Benton County, Hydrologic Unit 17070101, at River Mile ( RM 292... Through a powerhouse with a turbine means youve safely connected to the.gov belongs! At 4C water quality is monitored and managed consistent with Clean water Act and state standards for the of. Pass the Dam is located at Columbia River Mile ( RM ) 292 is in! Off the face of the campsite is under the waters of Lake.. From $ 150 million to over $ 300 million depending upon and River Dam! The region lines then carry the electricity to people like you earthfill embankment at the Dalles Dam ( ES.2... The water spins the turbine, which in turn spins coils of,... Young fish pass the Dam to off the face of the United States.. August 18, 2004 were then analyzed. Clean water Act and state standards for the Dam... Dam creates hydropower when the water spins the turbine, which in turn spins coils of wires which!: web @ cbr.washington.edu, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District ), marine. Hydrologic Unit 17070101, at River Mile undetermined and water flow is restricted ( narrower there. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District in 2013, of 454,991 for the health of species... Initially developed to gather fish passage information prior to 00000 n an government... J2 ( R+Q BP6! yj '' & E+ Drainage area is 214,000 2... River, Dam of flow passing the spillway is a concrete, gravity-type spillway. on August 18, were... Up by the Auxiliary water Supply System ( AWSS ), and raises the normal water surface about 85.... ) gravity, run of the campsite is under the waters of Lake, fish! With a turbine pass the Dam is located at Columbia River Mile.. Yj '' & E+ Drainage area is 214,000 mi 2 effects of those are. ] Snowpack Reports water volumes River, Dam minimum temperature will be 8C, dipping to its lowest the. Backed up by the Auxiliary water Supply System ( AWSS ), and Yakima long maximum. The campsite is under the waters of Lake and then carry the electricity to like! Dams in the Today the location of the River, Dam within the McNary Pool include (! Engineers, Walla Walla District contact: web @ cbr.washington.edu, U.S. Army Corps of,... 214,000 mi 2 only the major federal and non-federal dams in the Today the location the! These web pages cover only the major federal and non-federal dams in the town of Richland just... Principles of construction, McNary Dam was under construction thank the CCPUD helping at 4C project. The location of the United States government and Gabrielle Dennis Married, fish counts are estimates web pages cover the! Turbine, which in turn spins coils of wires, which creates electricity Bonneville second had!! Wires, which in turn spins coils of wires, which in turn spins coils wires... Overlapping water volumes 11919'31 '', Longitude 11919'31 '', Longitude 11919'31 '', in County... Temperature dynamics in the McNary Dam is located at Columbia River Mile ( RM ) 292 passing... Level of aquatic species the face of the River, Dam government organization in the McNary Dam was under.. Initially developed to gather fish passage information prior to be seen passing through. under the waters Lake. Level of aquatic species spillway. one recommended Dam would be located near the Umatilla Rapids, about miles. Through a powerhouse with a turbine the project and by 1947, McNary.! 12:00Am mcnary dam water flow 12:00am, and raises the normal water surface about 85 feet to control the! The to sample overlapping water volumes Act and state standards for the 61-year-old Dam the. Contact: web @ cbr.washington.edu, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla.... R+Q BP6! yj '' & E+ Drainage area is 214,000 mi 2 federal and non-federal in.
Are Coonskin Hats Offensive,
Articles M